{
  "id": "research",
  "name": "Research & development",
  "domain": "opportunity",
  "provider": "worldbank",
  "code": "GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS",
  "unit": "% of GDP",
  "frequency": "Annual",
  "description": "Domestic research and development expenditure as a share of GDP.",
  "caveat": "Spending is an input, not a measure of useful discoveries or their equitable distribution.",
  "sourceUrl": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=US",
  "decimals": 1,
  "observations": [
    {
      "date": "2000-01-01",
      "value": 2.61982
    },
    {
      "date": "2001-01-01",
      "value": 2.63715
    },
    {
      "date": "2002-01-01",
      "value": 2.54746
    },
    {
      "date": "2003-01-01",
      "value": 2.55014
    },
    {
      "date": "2004-01-01",
      "value": 2.48685
    },
    {
      "date": "2005-01-01",
      "value": 2.50192
    },
    {
      "date": "2006-01-01",
      "value": 2.54545
    },
    {
      "date": "2007-01-01",
      "value": 2.61516
    },
    {
      "date": "2008-01-01",
      "value": 2.74481
    },
    {
      "date": "2009-01-01",
      "value": 2.7918
    },
    {
      "date": "2010-01-01",
      "value": 2.71443
    },
    {
      "date": "2011-01-01",
      "value": 2.73803
    },
    {
      "date": "2012-01-01",
      "value": 2.67272
    },
    {
      "date": "2013-01-01",
      "value": 2.69591
    },
    {
      "date": "2014-01-01",
      "value": 2.70882
    },
    {
      "date": "2015-01-01",
      "value": 2.77328
    },
    {
      "date": "2016-01-01",
      "value": 2.83677
    },
    {
      "date": "2017-01-01",
      "value": 2.88315
    },
    {
      "date": "2018-01-01",
      "value": 2.98956
    },
    {
      "date": "2019-01-01",
      "value": 3.14297
    },
    {
      "date": "2020-01-01",
      "value": 3.41788
    },
    {
      "date": "2021-01-01",
      "value": 3.4689
    },
    {
      "date": "2022-01-01",
      "value": 3.48736
    },
    {
      "date": "2023-01-01",
      "value": 3.44716
    }
  ],
  "sourceUnits": "",
  "sourceDefinition": "Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.",
  "publisher": "Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02",
  "sourceUpdated": "2026-07-13",
  "dataUrl": "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/USA/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?date=2000:2026&format=json&per_page=100",
  "fetchedAt": "2026-10-04T09:04:46.416Z",
  "status": "available",
  "domainInfo": {
    "id": "opportunity",
    "name": "Opportunity & connection",
    "color": "#477781"
  }
}